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This report illustrates that loss and damage have tangible consequences today, and that adaptation as well as loss and damage occur simultaneously. Five case studies were conducted in Bangladesh, Bhutan, The Gambia, Kenya and Micronesia. The findings provide empirical insights into the limits of adaptation and the costs of unmitigated climate change. The study reveals that, in all five countries, affected communities suffered from loss and damage despite undertaking coping and adaptation measures.